PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of China	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of North America		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian						0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean						2.58
		Zanclean			Yushean						3.6
		Zanclean			Baodean						4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian			Tunggurian						11.1
		Serravallian			Tunggurian						11.63
		Langhian			Shanwangian						13.82
		Burdigalian			Shanwangian						15.98
		Burdigalian			Xiejiaan						16.9
		Aquitanian			Xiejiaan						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Vokhmian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						Vokhmian			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian							251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian		Kuhfengian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian							273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian							283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian							285.4 *
		Sakmarian	290.1	Longlinian
		Asselian	Zisongian	Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	Virgilian		298.9
		Gzhelian		Virgilian		300.1
		Kasimovian		Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian		Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian		Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian		323.2
		Visean		Chesterian		330.9
				Meramecian		335.8 *
				Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Drumian					Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran		Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4					Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran			514
							Montezuman			514.8 *
							Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
											538.8