PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of China	Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ammonite Chrons of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Permian of the Salt Range
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian									Epizigzagiceras						168.2
		Bajocian									Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
		Aalenian									Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
											Planulata						179.3 *
											Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
											Kanense						181.3 *
											Carlottense						182.3 *
											Kunae						183.5 *
		Pliensbachian									Kunae						184.2
											Freboldi						185.1 *
											Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
												Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
											Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
		Sinemurian															192.9
											Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
											Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian									Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
		Induan															251.2
		Induan														Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian												Kathwai	251.902
																	252.4 *
																Chhidru	252.9 *
				Baoqingian													253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Longtanian †	254.14
					Kalabagh	255 *
					Wargal	256 *
			Laibinian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan			259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian			264.28
						265.3 *
					Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb	266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian			283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian			285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian			290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice				Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
								Dobrotivian							458.5 *
								Oretanian							459.7 *
									Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †						467.3
		Dapingian						Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		485.4
		Stage 10									Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian									Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids					Series 3 †		497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai											509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																	538.8