PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of Western Europe	Mesozoic Subages		Devonian Subages	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian					100.5
					Middle Albian					106.2 *
					Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian			Late Aptian					113
		Aptian			Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian					139.8
					Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
					Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		168.2
					Late Bajocian				Humphresianum	168.4
					Early Bajocian				Humphresianum	168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
					Late Toarcian					180.1
					Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
					Middle Toarcian			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
					Early Toarcian			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian			Sevatian					208.5
					Alaunian					213.2 *
					Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian					227
		Carnian			Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian					237
		Ladinian			Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian					242
					Pelsonian					243.8 *
					Bithynian					244.7 *
					Aegean					245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian					247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian					248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian					251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian					251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes						259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian						283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian				358.9
			Middle Famennian				365.3 *
			Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian				372.2
			Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
			Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko				Late Givetian			382.7
							Middle Givetian			383.7 *
							Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian	Chotec				Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian	Chotec				Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian				Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian				Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian				Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian			410.8
							Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
										419.2