PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of Western Europe	Ten Million Year Bins	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6				Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian								Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian								Castlecliffian		0.774
				Calabrian								Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian								Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian								Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian		2.58
				Piacenzian								Waipipian		3
				Zanclean								Waipipian		3.6
				Zanclean								Opoitian		3.7
			Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian								Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian								Tongaporutuan		7.246
				Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian			Cenozoic 5					Waiauan		11.63
				Serravallian								Lillburnian		13.05
				Langhian								Lillburnian		13.82
												Clifdenian		15.1
											Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian								Altonian		15.98
				Burdigalian								Otaian		18.7
				Aquitanian								Otaian		20.44
				Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			Waitakian		23.03
												Duntroonian		25.2
												Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A						33.9
											Arnold	Runangan		34.6
												Kaiatan		36.7
				Bartonian				MP 16				Kaiatan		37.71
				Bartonian				MP 16				Bortonian		39.1
				Lutetian			Cenozoic 2	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				Bortonian		41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
												Heretaungan		45.7
				Ypresian				MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				Heretaungan		47.8
												Mangaorapan		48.9
												Waipawan		52
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1	MP 6	MP 1 - 5			Teurian		56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8				Mata	Haumurian	Senonian	66
				Campanian			Cretaceous 7					Haumurian		72.1
				Santonian			Cretaceous 6					Piripauan		83.6
				Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
												Mangaotanean		90.5
												Arowhanan		93.7
				Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5					Arowhanan		93.9
											Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
												Motuan		99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4					Motuan	Gallic	100.5
												Urutawan		103.3
											Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Aptian			Cretaceous 3					Korangan		113
				Aptian			Cretaceous 3							117.5
				Barremian			Cretaceous 2							121.4
				Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2						Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian			Cretaceous 1							132.6
Berriasian				139.8			Cretaceous 1
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
			Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
			Bajocian	Jurassic 4			168.2
			Aalenian	Jurassic 3			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3			174.7
			Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			184.2
			Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
			Hettangian	Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
			Norian	Triassic 4			208.5
			Carnian	Triassic 3			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Zechstein			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes			259.51
			Wordian							264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3						266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						273.01
			Artinskian				Autunian			283.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1						293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5			298.9
			Kasimovian				Carboniferous 5			303.7
			Moscovian				Carboniferous 4			307
			Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Visean				Carboniferous 2			330.9
			Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko			Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec			Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian			Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian				Pragian			Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian				Lochkovian			Devonian 1	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								Silurian 2	419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1	433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5	443.8
			Katian					Ordovician 5	445.2
			Sandbian					Ordovician 4	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					Ordovician 2	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Ordovician 2	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ordovician 1	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian							Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Cambrian 4	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian					Cambrian 4	Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan					Cambrian 3	Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan		Delamaran	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
			Stage 4		Dyeran				511 *
			Stage 3		Dyeran			Cambrian 2	514
					Montezuman				514.8 *
					Begadean				519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian						Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau			1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan			1375
														1400