PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian Subages of Germany	European Faunal Zones	Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian			MN 17						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			MN 16		Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
		Piacenzian			MN 15						3.2
		Zanclean			MN 15						3.6
					MN 14						4.2
					MN 13					Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			MN 13						5.333
		Tortonian			MN 12						7.246
					MN 11						7.75
					MN 10						8.7
					MN 9						9.7
					MN 7 + 8					Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian			MN 7 + 8						11.63
		Serravallian			MN 6						12.8 *
		Langhian			MN 5					Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian			MN 4					Shanwangian	15.98
					MN 3					Xiejiaan	16.9
					MN 2						20
		Aquitanian			MN 2						20.44
		Aquitanian			MN 1						22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein				Longtanian †			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller			259.51
		Wordian	Leine			264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian				Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian				Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian				Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian				Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian				Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian		323.2
		Visean				Chesterian		330.9
						Meramecian		335.8 *
						Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian				Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian				Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
		Pragian			Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †					504.5
											509