PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Pamirs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of North America			Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America				Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran													0
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
				Chibanian																	0.129
				Chibanian				Castlecliffian													0.34
				Calabrian				Castlecliffian													0.774
				Calabrian				Nukumaruan													1.63
				Gelasian				Nukumaruan													1.8
				Gelasian				Mangapanian													2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian					Tertiary †								2.58
				Piacenzian				Waipipian													3
				Zanclean				Waipipian													3.6
				Zanclean				Opoitian													3.7
			Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean													5.333
				Messinian				Tongaporutuan													7.2
				Tortonian				Tongaporutuan												Pannonian	7.246
				Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan												Pannonian	11.04
				Serravallian																Sarmatian	11.63
																				Badenian	12.8 *
								Lillburnian												Badenian	13.05
				Langhian				Lillburnian													13.82
								Clifdenian													15.1
							Pareora	Altonian													15.9
				Burdigalian				Altonian													15.98
				Burdigalian				Otaian													18.7
				Aquitanian				Otaian													20.44
				Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian													21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian													23.03
								Duntroonian													25.2
								Whaingaroan													27.3
				Rupelian																	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
							Arnold	Runangan													34.6
								Kaiatan													36.7
				Bartonian				Kaiatan													37.71
				Bartonian				Bortonian													39.1
				Lutetian				Bortonian													41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan													42.6
								Heretaungan													45.7
				Ypresian				Heretaungan													47.8
								Mangaorapan													48.9
								Waipawan													52
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian													56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian													66
				Campanian				Haumurian													72.1
				Santonian				Piripauan													83.6
				Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan													86.1
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
								Mangaotanean													90.5
								Arowhanan													93.7
				Cenomanian				Arowhanan													93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian													95.2
								Motuan													99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan													100.5
								Urutawan													103.3
							Taitai	Korangan													108.4
				Aptian				Korangan													113
				Aptian																	117.5
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
			Induan		251.2
			Induan		Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai	Dorashamian	251.902
							252.4 *
					Chhidru		252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian		Chhidru	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †		254.14
					Kalabagh				255 *
					Wargal				256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian			259.51
			Wordian						264.28
									265.3 *
					Amb				266.1 *
						Murgabian			266.2 *
			Roadian						266.9
			Roadian						270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian			273.01
			Kungurian			Bolorian			279.8
			Artinskian			Bolorian			283.5
			Artinskian			Yakhtashian			286
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian						Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian						Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								Cayugan	Ohesaare	419.2
										Cayugan	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
										Niagaran	Kaugetuma	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian								Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian								Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								Lockportian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu			Lockportian	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu				430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani				431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani			Ontarian	433.4
			Telychian					Adavere				434 *
			Aeronian	438.5
				Alexandrian								438.7 *
								Raikkula				439.4 *
										Medinan	Clinton	440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru				441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Cincinnatian		Gamachian		443.8
			Katian									Gamachian		445.2
												Richmondian		446 *
												Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
												Edenian			450.4 *
										Mohawkian		Chatfieldian			451.1 *
			Sandbian									Chatfieldian			453
												Turinian			453.7 *
										Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
			Dapingian													467.3
			Dapingian									Rangerian				469.1 *
Early Ordovician		Floian	Ibexian							Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †			Cassinian †	470
		Floian								Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian								Tulean						477.7
										Stairsian						480.3 *
										Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Skullrockian						485.4
		Stage 10								487.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †						497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														509
	Series 2	Stage 3														514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian																	720
		Tonian				Karatau												800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau												1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian												1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian												1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan												1375
																					1400