PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Russian Platform		Ordovician of China			Carboniferous Subepochs	Silurian of North America	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of China		European Faunal Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Villanyian	2.58
		Piacenzian												Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean												Ruscinian	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												Turolian	5.333
		Tortonian												Turolian	7.246
		Tortonian												Vallesian	8.7
		Serravallian												Astaracian	11.63
		Langhian												Astaracian	13.82
		Burdigalian												Orleanian	15.98
		Burdigalian												Agenian	20
		Aquitanian												Agenian	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian				66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic				100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian									Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
		Wuchiapingian													254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Tatarian	Vyatkian										256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian										259.51
		Wordian			Urzhumian										264.28
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian										266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian										270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian										273.01
					Filipovian										276.5 *
					Saraninian										280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian										283.5
					Irginian										285.9 *
					Burtsevian										287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian										290.1
		Sakmarian	Tastubian	Sakmarian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
				Uskalykian	294.8
				Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli						Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †		445.2
		Katian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian					Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian					Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian					Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian					Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian									Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian									Paibian		494
		Paibian									Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian									Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan									Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3									Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian									Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian									Jinnigian		530.7
															538.8