PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of North America		Central Paratethys Stages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian									Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Yushean	Late Pliocene			2.58
		Zanclean								Yushean	Early Pliocene			3.6
		Zanclean								Baodean	Early Pliocene			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian							Pannonian					7.246
		Tortonian							Pannonian	Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian							Sarmatian		Middle Miocene			11.63
		Serravallian							Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian								Shanwangian				13.82
		Burdigalian								Shanwangian	Early Miocene			15.98
		Burdigalian								Xiejiaan				16.9
		Aquitanian								Xiejiaan				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian									Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian									Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras										168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense										168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta										174.7
				Planulata										179.3 *
				Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi								179.8 *
				Kanense										181.3 *
				Carlottense										182.3 *
				Kunae										183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae										184.2
				Freboldi										185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras									186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras									189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis									190.3 *
		Sinemurian												192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras								196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites										196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian				259.51
		Wordian	Midian				264.28
		Wordian	Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian				273.01
		Kungurian	Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian	Bolorian				283.5
		Artinskian	Yakhtashian				286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
										Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Sunwaptan	487.5
										Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian										489.5
											Steptoean	493 *
										Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian								Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian	Albertian †	St Davids		497
		Guzhangian										Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan						Topazan					504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran	Waucoban †	Caerfai		Branchian	509
		Stage 4						Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3			514			Dyeran
					Montezuman			514.8 *
				Placentian	Montezuman	517.1
					Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
														538.8