PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Germany	South American Land Mammal Ages		Precambrian of Russia	Permian of the Salt Range	Silurian of England		Silurian of North America			Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Lujanian													0.0117
				Chibanian		Lujanian													0.129
				Chibanian		Ensenadan													0.3 *
				Calabrian		Ensenadan													0.774
				Calabrian		Sanandresian	Uquian †												1.7 *
				Gelasian		Sanandresian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Vorohuean													2.58
				Piacenzian		Chapadmalalan													2.9 *
				Zanclean		Chapadmalalan													3.6
						Montehermosan													3.7 *
						Huayquerian													4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
						Chasicoan													7.9 *
						Mayoan													9.9 *
						Laventan													10.9 *
				Serravallian		Laventan													11.63
				Serravallian		Colloncuran													13.7 *
				Langhian		Colloncuran													13.82
				Langhian		Friasian													15.4 *
				Burdigalian		Friasian													15.98
						Santacrucian													16.2 *
						Colhuehuapian													17.4 *
				Aquitanian		Colhuehuapian													20.44
				Aquitanian		Deseadan													20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
				Rupelian															27.82
				Rupelian		Tinguirirican													28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian		Tinguirirican													33.9
				Priabonian		Divisaderan													35.9 *
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Lutetian		Mustersan													41.9 *
				Ypresian		Mustersan													47.8
				Ypresian		Casamayoran													47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Riochican													56
						Itaboraian													56.9 *
						Peligran													58.9 *
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
				Danian		Tiupampan													62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													Oteke	Puaroan	145
				Kimmeridgian													Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
																	Kawhia	Ohauan	150
																		Heterian	154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian														Temaikan	164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
Herangi				Toarcian	Ururoan			176
				Pliensbachian	Ururoan			184.2
				Pliensbachian	Aratauran			188.9
				Sinemurian				192.9
				Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
			Norian		Warepan			208.5
					Otamitan		217
					Oretian		221
			Carnian		Oretian		227
			Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan		237
			Ladinian		Etalian		238
			Anisian		Etalian		242
			Anisian		Malakovian		246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian		247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
			Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
			Induan	Kathwai	DUrville		Makarewan	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai				Buntsandstein	251.902
									252.4 *
				Chhidru					252.9 *
							Waiitian		253.2
			Wuchiapingian				Waiitian		254.14
							Puruhauan		254.2
				Kalabagh					255 *
				Wargal					256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller	259.51
			Wordian		Wordian				Leine	264.28
										265.3 *
								Barettian		266
				Amb						266.1 *
			Roadian	Amb	Roadian					266.9
			Roadian		Roadian					270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian					Cathedralian	273.01
								Mangapirian		Cathedralian	276
										Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian								283.5
								Telfordian			285
					Wolfcampian			Telfordian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
											288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			Nealian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							Emsian	393.3
			Pragian							Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian							Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Cayugan	419.2
												Bringewood/Elton	Cayugan	421.3
												Bringewood/Elton	Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
			Gorstian											425.6
			Gorstian									Buildwas		426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian									Buildwas		Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian								Wych	Woolhope		Lockportian	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian												430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian											Ontarian	433.4
			Telychian												436.3 *
			Aeronian												438.5
															Alexandrian	438.7 *
											Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
													Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
																440.7 *
			Rhuddanian													440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian													443.8
			Katian													445.2
			Sandbian													453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian													467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian													470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian													477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10														Sunwaptan	487.5
Jiangshanian			489.5														Sunwaptan
Jiangshanian			Steptoean														493 *
Paibian			Steptoean														494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Marjumian													Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian														500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan														504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran														506.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Delamaran													Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran														511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran														514
			Montezuman														514.8 *
			Begadean														519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2															521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian									538.8
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian							Karatau									800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau									1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian									1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian									1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
																			1400