PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Germany	European Faunal Zones	Ten Million Year Bins	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of North America		Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6							0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Calabrian										0.774
				Gelasian		MN 17								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		MN 16								2.58
				Piacenzian		MN 15								3.2
				Zanclean		MN 15								3.6
						MN 14								4.2
						MN 13								4.9
			Miocene	Messinian		MN 13								5.333
				Tortonian		MN 12								7.246
						MN 11								7.75
						MN 10								8.7
						MN 9								9.7
						MN 7 + 8								11.1
				Serravallian		MN 7 + 8	Cenozoic 5							11.63
				Serravallian		MN 6								12.8 *
				Langhian		MN 5								13.82
				Burdigalian		MN 4								15.98
						MN 3								16.9
						MN 2								20
				Aquitanian		MN 2								20.44
				Aquitanian		MN 1								22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A						33.9
				Bartonian			Cenozoic 3	MP 16						37.71
				Lutetian			Cenozoic 2	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11						41.2
				Ypresian			Cenozoic 2	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1	MP 6	MP 1 - 5					56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8							66
				Campanian			Cretaceous 7							72.1
				Santonian			Cretaceous 6							83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4							100.5
				Aptian			Cretaceous 3							113
				Barremian			Cretaceous 2							121.4
				Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2							125.77
				Valanginian			Cretaceous 1							132.6
				Berriasian			Cretaceous 1							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6							145
				Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5							149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian			Jurassic 4							165.3
				Bajocian			Jurassic 4							168.2
				Aalenian			Jurassic 3							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3							174.7
				Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2							184.2
				Sinemurian			Jurassic 1							192.9
				Hettangian			Jurassic 1							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4							201.4
				Norian			Triassic 4							208.5
				Carnian			Triassic 3							227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2							237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2							242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1							247.2
Induan			Early Triassic	251.2			Triassic 1
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes		259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian		283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1			Bursumian †			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Virgilian					298.9
			Kasimovian		Missourian					303.7
			Kasimovian		Desmoinesian					305.9 *
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Desmoinesian					307
			Moscovian		Atokan					312.7 *
			Bashkirian		Atokan					315.2
			Bashkirian		Morrowan					318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Chesterian					323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	Chesterian					330.9
					Meramecian					335.8 *
					Osagean					343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Osagean					346.7
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kinderhookian					351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Devonian 5						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	Devonian 4						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Devonian 1	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2	Ohesaare					419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma					421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare					423
			Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1	Jaani		433.4
			Telychian			Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5			443.8
			Katian		Ordovician 5			445.2
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10						Sunwaptan		487.5
			Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan		489.5
			Jiangshanian						Steptoean		493 *
			Paibian						Steptoean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4			Marjumian	Albertian †		497
			Drumian		Cambrian 4			Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan		Cambrian 3			Topazan			504.5
			Wuliuan					Delamaran			506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran	Waucoban †		509
			Stage 4					Dyeran			511 *
			Stage 3		Cambrian 2			Dyeran			514
								Montezuman			514.8 *
Begadean								519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					1200					Yurmatian
		Ectasian					Burzyan					1375
														1400