PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Devonian Subages	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Australia	Silurian of North America			Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America	Carboniferous of North America
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
		Bartonian												Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian													Bumbanian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Gashatan				56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
		Induan																251.2
		Induan			Kathwai													251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai													251.902
																		252.4 *
					Chhidru													252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru													254.14
					Kalabagh													255 *
					Wargal													256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
		Wordian																264.28
																		265.3 *
					Amb													266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb													266.9
		Roadian																270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
		Artinskian																283.5
		Sakmarian																290.1
		Asselian															Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian															Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian															Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian															Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian															Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian															Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian															Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian															Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	330.9														Chesterian
			Meramecian	335.8 *
			Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Late Famennian			358.9
				Middle Famennian			365.3 *
				Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian	Adorf	Late Frasnian			372.2
				Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
				Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Late Givetian			382.7
				Middle Givetian			383.7 *
				Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian	Eifelian	Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian	Eifelian	Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Emsian	Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Siegen	Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian			410.8
				Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli						Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian				Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Bolindian					Pirgu	445.2
							Eastonian					Pirgu	449 *
												Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
							Gisbornian					Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
												Haljala		453.9
												Kukruse		456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian					Uhaku		458.4
												Lasnamagi		458.9 *
												Aseri		460.4 *
											Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
												Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Yapeenian		467.3
					Castlemainian		468.5 *
					Castlemainian		Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian							470
					Chewtonian							Latorp †		470.1 *
					Bendigonian									471.8 *
					Lancefieldian									473.5 *
							Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Hunneberg							477.7
							Varangu							481.3 *
							Pakerort							482.2 *
					Warendian									482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
															Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian													Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian													Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian				494									Steptoean
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian								Albertian †	497
		Drumian				Marjumian									500.5
		Wuliuan				Topazan									504.5
		Wuliuan				Delamaran									506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran								Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4				Dyeran									511 *
		Stage 3				Dyeran									514
						Montezuman									514.8 *
						Begadean									519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																		538.8