PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Germany	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian					66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic					100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian							Neocomian					125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
				Induan												251.2
				Induan						Kathwai						251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian	Kathwai						251.902
																252.4 *
										Chhidru						252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian				Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Chhidru						254.14
										Kalabagh						255 *
										Wargal						256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes	Midian							259.51
				Wordian												264.28
																265.3 *
										Amb						266.1 *
									Murgabian							266.2 *
				Roadian												266.9
				Roadian												270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian							273.01
				Kungurian					Bolorian							279.8
				Artinskian				Autunian	Bolorian							283.5
				Artinskian					Yakhtashian							286
				Sakmarian					Sakmarian							290.1
				Asselian					Asselian							293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
				Kasimovian												303.7
				Moscovian												307
				Bashkirian												315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian												323.2
				Visean												330.9
				Tournaisian												346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden											358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf											372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian											382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian											387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian											393.3
				Pragian	Siegen											407.6
				Lochkovian	Gedinnine											410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian			Rawtheyan	445.2
						Cautleyan	448.9 *
						Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †				449.6 *
						Cheneyan					451.5 *
						Burrellian					452.7 *
			Sandbian								453
							Actonian †				453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †					455.2 *
						Aurelucian	Longvillian †					456.8 *
						Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
			Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
			Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
			Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian						470
						Whitlandian						471.1 *
						Moridunian						474.3 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
					Tremadoc	Cressagian						480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635