PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Germany	Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Eastern North America		North American Land Mammal Ages	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Ten Million Year Bins
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean			Cenozoic 6	0
				Meghalayan					Santarosean				0.0004
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean				0.014
				Chibanian					Rancholabrean				0.129
				Chibanian					Irvingtonian				0.21
				Calabrian					Irvingtonian				0.774
				Calabrian					Blancan				1.4
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
				Zanclean									3.6
				Zanclean					Hemphillian				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Tortonian					Clarendonian				9.4
				Serravallian					Clarendonian			Cenozoic 5	11.63
				Serravallian					Barstovian				12.5
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
									Hemingfordian				16.3
									Arikareean				18.5
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Cenozoic 4	23.03
				Rupelian						MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21			27.82
									Whitneyan				29.5
									Orellan				31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Cenozoic 3	33.9
				Priabonian					Duchesnean	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			37
				Bartonian					Duchesnean	MP 16			37.71
				Bartonian					Uintan	MP 16			39.7
				Lutetian					Uintan	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Cenozoic 2	41.2
				Lutetian					Bridgerian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			46.2
				Ypresian					Bridgerian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			47.8
									Wasatchian				50.5
									Clarkforkian				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Clarkforkian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Cenozoic 1	56
				Thanetian					Tiffanian	MP 6			56.2
				Selandian					Tiffanian				59.2
				Selandian					Torrejonian				60.9
				Danian					Torrejonian				61.6
				Danian					Puercan				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8	66
				Campanian								Cretaceous 7	72.1
				Santonian								Cretaceous 6	83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Cretaceous 4	100.5
				Aptian								Cretaceous 3	113
				Barremian								Cretaceous 2	121.4
				Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2	125.77
				Valanginian								Cretaceous 1	132.6
				Berriasian								Cretaceous 1	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Jurassic 6	145
				Kimmeridgian								Jurassic 5	149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian								Jurassic 4	165.3
				Bajocian								Jurassic 4	168.2
				Aalenian								Jurassic 3	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Jurassic 3	174.7
				Pliensbachian								Jurassic 2	184.2
Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	192.9
Hettangian				Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
			Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
			Carnian	Triassic 3	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	West Fallsian/Sonyean	Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen			Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine			Devonian 1	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2	419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1	433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5	443.8
			Katian				Ordovician 5	445.2
			Sandbian				Ordovician 4	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				Ordovician 2	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Ordovician 2	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ordovician 1	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5	485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Cambrian 4	497
			Drumian				Cambrian 4	500.5
			Wuliuan				Cambrian 3	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Cambrian 3	509
		Series 2	Stage 3				Cambrian 2	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Cambrian 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian						Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau		1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan		1375
													1400