PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of Britain		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of Western Europe	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian								0.129
				Chibanian					Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian					Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian					Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian					Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian					Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian					Waipipian			3
				Zanclean					Waipipian			3.6
				Zanclean					Opoitian			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian					Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian					Tongaporutuan			7.246
				Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan			11.04
				Serravallian					Waiauan			11.63
				Serravallian					Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian					Lillburnian			13.82
									Clifdenian			15.1
								Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian					Altonian			15.98
				Burdigalian					Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian					Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian			23.03
									Duntroonian			25.2
									Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
								Arnold	Runangan			34.6
									Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian					Kaiatan			37.71
				Bartonian					Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian					Bortonian			41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
									Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian					Heretaungan			47.8
									Mangaorapan			48.9
									Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian			56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian					Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian					Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
									Mangaotanean			90.5
									Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian					Arowhanan			93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
									Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan			100.5
									Urutawan			103.3
								Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian					Korangan			113
				Aptian								117.5
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10	Festiniogian					489.2 *
			Jiangshanian	Festiniogian					489.5
			Jiangshanian	Maentwrogian					493.1 *
			Paibian	Maentwrogian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids					497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai					509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
		Calymmian									1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian									1600
		Orosirian									1800
		Rhyacian									2050
		Siderian									2300
Archean	Neoarchean										2500
	Mesoarchean										2800
	Paleoarchean										3200
	Eoarchean				3600
Hadean					4000
												4600