PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of China			Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia					Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian					Pannonian											7.246
				Serravallian					Sarmatian											11.63
				Serravallian					Badenian											12.8 *
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Buntsandstein							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Buntsandstein							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Ohre/Aller							259.51
				Wordian									Leine							264.28
				Roadian																266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
				Artinskian																283.5
				Sakmarian																290.1
				Asselian															Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															Virgilian	298.9
				Kasimovian															Missourian	303.7
				Kasimovian															Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian															Desmoinesian	307
				Moscovian															Atokan	312.7 *
				Bashkirian															Atokan	315.2
				Bashkirian															Morrowan	318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian															Chesterian	323.2
				Visean															Chesterian	330.9
																			Meramecian	335.8 *
Osagean					343.1 *
Osagean				Tournaisian	346.7
Kinderhookian				Tournaisian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian	Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
			Telychian			Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		Kosovian	443.8
			Katian			Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Kralodvorian		449.5
										Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian									453
												Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo								458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
										Oretanian					459.7 *
											Sarka †				461.7 *
							Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			Sarka †				466.3 *
			Dapingian			Dapingian					Klabava †				467.3
			Dapingian			Dapingian				Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian				Arenigian					470
			Tremadocian			Xinchangian				Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadocian			Xinchangian		Lianghekou †		Tremadocian					477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10												Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10													Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian													Sunwaptan	489.5
	Steptoean		Jiangshanian													493 *
	Steptoean		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian												Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian													500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan										504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran										506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran										Waucoban †		509
		Stage 4	Dyeran												511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran												514
			Montezuman												514.8 *
			Begadean												519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																				635