PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of the Baltic				Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Chibanian									Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian									Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian									Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian									Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian									Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian									Waipipian			3
				Zanclean									Waipipian			3.6
				Zanclean									Opoitian			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian									Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian									Tongaporutuan	Pannonian		7.246
				Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan	Pannonian		11.04
				Serravallian										Sarmatian		11.63
														Badenian		12.8 *
													Lillburnian	Badenian		13.05
				Langhian									Lillburnian			13.82
													Clifdenian			15.1
												Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian									Altonian			15.98
				Burdigalian									Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian									Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian			23.03
													Duntroonian			25.2
													Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
												Arnold	Runangan			34.6
													Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian									Kaiatan			37.71
				Bartonian									Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian									Bortonian			41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
													Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian									Heretaungan			47.8
													Mangaorapan			48.9
													Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian			56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian									Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian									Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
													Mangaotanean			90.5
													Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian									Arowhanan			93.9
												Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
													Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan			100.5
													Urutawan			103.3
												Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian									Korangan			113
				Aptian												117.5
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
							Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku		458.4
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
			Dapingian	Volkhov					467.3
			Dapingian	Billingen					469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
							Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg					473.7 *
			Tremadocian	Hunneberg					477.7
				Varangu					481.3 *
				Pakerort					482.2 *
									Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
									Payntonian				486.8 *
			Jiangshanian						Iverian				489.5
										Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian						Idamean				494
Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			Paibian						Idamean			494.7 *
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Mindyallan						Ayusokkanian			497
			Boomerangian						Ayusokkanian			499
			Boomerangian						Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian	Undillan									500.5
		Drumian	Floran									503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian						Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian									507.8 *
Series 2		Stage 4										509
									Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
									Toyonian			510.8 *
									Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian			514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian			515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2							Tommotian			521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian										Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau			1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian			1200							Yurmatian
		Ectasian			Burzyan							1375
																1400