PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of West Avalonia	European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian		Villanyian	2.58
										Waipipian		Villanyian	3
												Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean											3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean		Turolian	5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian											7.246
												Vallesian	8.7
									Southland	Waiauan		Vallesian	11.04
		Serravallian								Waiauan		Astaracian	11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian			13.82
										Clifdenian			15.1
									Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian		Orleanian	15.98
										Otaian		Orleanian	18.7
												Agenian	20
		Aquitanian											20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian			23.03
										Duntroonian			25.2
										Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
									Arnold	Runangan			34.6
										Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian			41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
										Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan			47.8
										Mangaorapan			48.9
										Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian			56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian								Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
										Mangaotanean			90.5
										Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian								Arowhanan			93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
										Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Motuan			100.5
										Urutawan			103.3
									Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian								Korangan			113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
		Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan		445.2
						Cautleyan		448.9 *
						Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
						Pusgillian		449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan			451.5 *
						Cheneyan	Gisbornian		452 *
						Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian	458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian	461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian	467.3
			Arenig		Fennian		Yapeenian	468.4 *
							Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian	470
					Whitlandian		Chewtonian	471.1 *
							Bendigonian	471.8 *
							Lancefieldian	473.5 *
					Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian			477.7
					Cressagian			480.8 *
					Cressagian		Warendian	482.8 *
							Warendian	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Datsonian			485.4
		Stage 10					Payntonian			486.8 *
		Jiangshanian					Iverian			489.5
		Paibian					Idamean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Mindyallan			497
							Mindyallan			Arcadian	498.4
							Boomerangian				499
		Drumian					Undillan				500.5
		Drumian					Floran				503
		Wuliuan					Templetonian				504.5
		Wuliuan					Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4					Ordian			Branchian	509
		Stage 4									510.8 *
		Stage 3									514
		Stage 3								Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
													538.8