PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Britain			Permian of China	Cambrian of Britain		Silurian of the Baltic	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian	Lancian/Edmontonian				66
		Campanian										Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic					100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian									Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian									251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian									254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Laibinian									257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Lengwuan									259.51
		Wordian					Kuhfengian									264.28
		Roadian					Kuhfengian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Luodianian									273.01
		Artinskian					Luodianian									283.5
		Artinskian					Longlinian									285.4 *
		Sakmarian					Longlinian									290.1
		Asselian					Zisongian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Zisongian									298.9
		Gzhelian														300.1
		Kasimovian														303.7
		Moscovian														307
		Bashkirian														315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian														323.2
		Visean														330.9
		Tournaisian														346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden													358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf													372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian													382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian													387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian													393.3
		Pragian	Siegen													407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine													410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Ohesaare						419.2
	Pridoli									Kaugetuma						421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare						423
		Ludfordian								Paadla						423.4 *
		Gorstian								Paadla						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Rootsikula						427.4
		Homerian								Jaagarahu						429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		430.5						Jaagarahu
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian		Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian		443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan			445.2
					Cautleyan			448.9 *
					Cautleyan	Eastonian		449 *
					Pusgillian			449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan				451.5 *
					Cheneyan	Gisbornian			452 *
					Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Aurelucian			Longvillian †		456.8 *
					Aurelucian			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Darriwilian		458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Darriwilian		461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Yapeenian		467.3
				Arenig	Fennian			Yapeenian		468.4 *
								Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian		470
					Whitlandian			Chewtonian		471.1 *
								Bendigonian		471.8 *
								Lancefieldian		473.5 *
					Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
					Cressagian					480.8 *
								Warendian		482.8 *
										Mansian †	483.55 *
										Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10								Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian													489.5
												Aksaian			490.7 *
												Sakian			492.2 *
							Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian								494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					St Davids			Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian								Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan								Amgan/Solvan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai			Amgan/Solvan				509
										Toyonian		Lenian †		510 *
										Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian				514
		Stage 3								Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian				521
		Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian	Manykaian †							Nemakit-Daldynian		529
																538.8