PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Silurian of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Permian of Western Europe	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian					Late Miocene						7.246
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene						11.63
		Langhian					Middle Miocene						13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene						15.98
		Aquitanian					Early Miocene						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene	MP 16			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian					Middle Eocene	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11					41.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene	MP 6	MP 1 - 5		Gashatan		56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Zechstein			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Rotliegendes			259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian								Autunian			283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian											293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
		Kasimovian											303.7
		Moscovian											307
		Bashkirian											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli			Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
						Alexandrian						438.7 *
				Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †		445.2
		Katian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
		Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian					Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian					Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian					Xinchangian		Lianghekou †		477.9 *
													485.4