PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Silurian of North America			Ordovician of Britain			Permian Subages of Germany	Silurian of England	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Chibanian												Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian												Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian												Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian												Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian												Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian												Waipipian				3
		Zanclean												Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean												Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian											Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian												Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian												Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian											Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian												Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian												Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian												Lillburnian				13.82
														Clifdenian				15.1
													Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian												Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian												Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian												Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian											Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Waitakian				23.03
														Duntroonian				25.2
														Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
													Arnold	Runangan				34.6
														Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian												Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian												Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian												Bortonian				41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
														Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian												Heretaungan				47.8
														Mangaorapan				48.9
														Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Teurian				56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian												Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian												Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian											Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
														Mangaotanean				90.5
														Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian												Arowhanan				93.9
													Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
														Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Motuan				100.5
														Urutawan				103.3
													Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian												Korangan				113
		Aptian																117.5
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian		Leine	264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian		393.3
		Pragian			Siegen		407.6
		Pragian			Siegen	Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
						Cayugan		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
						Niagaran		Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian								436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
						Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Ashgill	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
											Cautleyan			448.9 *
											Pusgillian			449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
			Berounian								Streffordian	449.7 *
											Cheneyan	451.5 *
											Burrellian	452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
												Actonian †		453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †			455.2 *
															Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Aurelucian						456.8 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
			Dobrotivian														458.5 *
			Oretanian														459.7 *
											Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
													Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian											Klabava †				467.3
			Arenigian														468
										Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Fennian						470
											Whitlandian						471.1 *
											Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian						Tremadocian			477.7
			Tremadoc	Cressagian									480.8 *
													485 *
																		485.4