PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of China		Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of the Pamirs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of China
Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian											Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites					168.2
		Bajocian												Humphresianum				168.4
		Aalenian											Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense				174.7
													Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons					180.1
													Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum					182
		Pliensbachian											Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni					184.2
		Sinemurian											Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi					192.9
		Hettangian											Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
		Induan																251.2
		Induan									Kathwai							251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Kathwai	Dorashamian						251.902
																		252.4 *
											Chhidru							252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian									Chhidru	Dzhulfian						254.14
											Kalabagh							255 *
											Wargal							256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Midian						259.51
		Wordian																264.28
																		265.3 *
											Amb							266.1 *
												Murgabian						266.2 *
		Roadian																266.9
		Roadian																270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Kubergandian						273.01
		Kungurian										Bolorian						279.8
		Artinskian										Bolorian						283.5
		Artinskian										Yakhtashian						286
		Sakmarian										Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian										Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
		Kasimovian																303.7
		Moscovian																307
		Bashkirian																315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																323.2
		Visean																330.9
		Tournaisian																346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway														358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	West Fallsian/Sonyean														372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian													382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian													387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian													393.3
		Pragian	Siegen															407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine															410.8
Silurian	Pridoli																	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian																423
	Ludlow	Gorstian																425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian																427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian																430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian																433.4
		Aeronian																438.5
		Rhuddanian																440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian													Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian													Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian													Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian													Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian													Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian	470
		Tremadocian				Ungurian	Xinchangian	477.7
		Tremadocian				Ungurian	Xinchangian	Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Batyrbaian							485.4
		Stage 10				Niuchehean			Festiniogian								489.2 *
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian											489.5
										Aksaian							490.7 *
										Sakian							492.2 *
									Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian				Paibian							494
		Paibian				Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian						494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	St Davids		Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian				Guzhangian							499.5
		Drumian				Drumian				Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian				Drumian				Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian				Tuesaian			504.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian							505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian		Caerfai					509
										Toyonian			510 *
										Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3				Nangaoian				Botomian			514
		Stage 3				Nangaoian				Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian				Tommotian			521
		Stage 2											525.5
		Fortunian											529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian							530.7
																		538.8