PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Serravallian															11.63
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											Capitanian				259.51
				Wordian											Wordian				264.28
				Roadian											Roadian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											Leonardian	Cathedralian			273.01
				Kungurian												Hessian			281.9 *
				Artinskian												Hessian			283.5
				Artinskian											Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
				Sakmarian												Lenoxian			290.1
				Asselian		Bursumian †										Nealian			293.52
				Asselian		Bursumian †										Nealian	Kuzel		297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian											Kuzel		298.9
																	Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
																		Stephanian B	300.9 *
																		Stephanian A	301.4 *
				Kasimovian		Missourian												Stephanian A	303.7
Cantabrian					305 *	Missourian
					Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian		307
Westphalian						Westphalian D			307.4 *
						Westphalian C			309.8
					Atokan	Westphalian C			312.7 *
						Westphalian B			314.6
				Bashkirian		Westphalian B			315.2
						Westphalian A			317 *
					Morrowan	Westphalian A			318.4 *
Namurian						Yeadonian			318.8 *
						Marsdenian			320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian			321.5 *
						Alportian			322 *
						Chokierian			323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	Chokierian			323.2
						Arnsbergian			324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
Visean				Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
				Warnantian	Meramecian	Brigantian †	335.8 *
				Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
				Moliniacian	Osagean	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
Tournaisian				Ivorian	Osagean		346.7
				Ivorian	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
				Hastarian	Kinderhookian		353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian	Siegen					407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian						Bolindian		Pirgu	445.2
									Eastonian		Pirgu	449 *
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
	Gisbornian								Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian						Keila		Idavere †	453
								Haljala	453.9
								Kukruse	456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian					Uhaku			458.4
								Lasnamagi			458.9 *
								Aseri			460.4 *
								Oeland		Kunda	462.9 *
									Valaste †/Hunderum	Kunda	464.3 *
										Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian									467.3
			Castlemainian									468.5 *
			Castlemainian							Billingen		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian									470
			Chewtonian						Latorp †			470.1 *
			Bendigonian									471.8 *
			Lancefieldian									473.5 *
										Hunneberg		473.7 *
		Tremadocian								Hunneberg		477.7
										Varangu		481.3 *
										Pakerort		482.2 *
			Warendian									482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian										1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian										1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan										1375
																			1400