PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6										0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Yushean	Tertiary †			2.58
				Zanclean											Yushean				3.6
				Zanclean											Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Tortonian											Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian					Cenozoic 5						Tunggurian				11.63
				Langhian											Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian											Shanwangian				15.98
				Burdigalian											Xiejiaan				16.9
				Aquitanian											Xiejiaan				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3										33.9
				Bartonian					Cenozoic 3										37.71
				Lutetian					Cenozoic 2										41.2
				Ypresian					Cenozoic 2										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1										56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8										66
				Campanian					Cretaceous 7										72.1
				Santonian					Cretaceous 6										83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4										100.5
				Aptian					Cretaceous 3										113
				Barremian					Cretaceous 2										121.4
				Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2										125.77
				Valanginian					Cretaceous 1										132.6
				Berriasian					Cretaceous 1										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan								150
											Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian							Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian					Jurassic 4										165.3
				Bajocian					Jurassic 4										168.2
				Aalenian					Jurassic 3										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2		Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2		Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian					Jurassic 1										192.9
				Hettangian					Jurassic 1										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian							Warepan								208.5
											Otamitan								217
											Oretian								221
				Carnian					Triassic 3		Oretian								227
				Carnian					Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2		Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian							Etalian								238
				Anisian							Etalian								242
Malakovian				Anisian	246
Malakovian			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian		249
Nelsonian				Induan		251.2
DUrville				Induan		Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian			Flettian			264.28
						Barettian			266
							Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian		Permian 3		Murgabian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		Permian 2		Kubergandian		273.01
						Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
							Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian			285
						Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
							Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		Bursumian †		Permian 1		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian		Carboniferous 5			298.9
			Kasimovian		Missourian					303.7
			Kasimovian		Desmoinesian					305.9 *
			Moscovian		Desmoinesian		Carboniferous 4			307
			Moscovian		Atokan					312.7 *
			Bashkirian		Atokan					315.2
			Bashkirian		Morrowan					318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian		Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Visean		Chesterian		Carboniferous 2			330.9
					Meramecian					335.8 *
					Osagean					343.1 *
			Tournaisian		Osagean		Carboniferous 1			346.7
			Tournaisian		Kinderhookian		Carboniferous 1			351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf					West Fallsian/Sonyean	Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian					Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian		Siegen							Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine							Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli										Silurian 2	Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli											Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian										Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian										Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian										Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian										Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian										Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian										Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian										Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian									Silurian 1	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian										Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian										Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian										Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian										Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian										Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Ordovician 5		443.8
			Katian									Ordovician 5		445.2
			Sandbian									Ordovician 4		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Ordovician 3		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									Ordovician 2		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian									Ordovician 2		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									Cambrian 5		485.4
			Jiangshanian											489.5
			Paibian											494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Cambrian 4		Series 3 †	497
	Drumian		500.5									Cambrian 4
	Wuliuan		Cambrian 3					Stage 5 †				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3											509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635