PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Germany	Permian of North America		European Faunal Zones	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian			0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian				MN 17										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				MN 16							Yushean	Tertiary †		2.58
				Piacenzian				MN 15										3.2
				Zanclean				MN 15										3.6
								MN 14										4.2
								MN 13							Baodean			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian				MN 13										5.333
				Tortonian				MN 12										7.246
								MN 11										7.75
								MN 10										8.7
								MN 9										9.7
								MN 7 + 8							Tunggurian			11.1
				Serravallian				MN 7 + 8										11.63
				Serravallian				MN 6										12.8 *
				Langhian				MN 5							Shanwangian			13.82
				Burdigalian				MN 4							Shanwangian			15.98
								MN 3							Xiejiaan			16.9
								MN 2										20
				Aquitanian				MN 2										20.44
				Aquitanian				MN 1										22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan							145
				Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan							150
											Heterian							154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian							Temaikan							164.3
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan							176
				Pliensbachian							Ururoan							184.2
				Pliensbachian							Aratauran							188.9
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
				Norian							Warepan							208.5
											Otamitan							217
											Oretian							221
Carnian				227							Oretian
Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
Middle Triassic			Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian		Etalian	238
			Anisian		Etalian	242
			Anisian		Malakovian	246
Early Triassic			Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
			Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian		251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian		Dorashamian		253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Dzhulfian		Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Dzhulfian		Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian		Midian		259.51
			Wordian	Wordian	Leine		Flettian				264.28
							Barettian				266
									Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian	Roadian					Murgabian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian					Cathedralian		Kubergandian	273.01
							Mangapirian				Kubergandian	276
											Bolorian	279.8
									Hessian			281.9 *
			Artinskian					283.5
							Telfordian	285
								Yakhtashian			286
				Wolfcampian					Lenoxian		286.1 *
											288.5
			Sakmarian					Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian					Nealian	Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian								303.7
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
			Visean								330.9
			Tournaisian								346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								Emsian	393.3
			Pragian								Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian								Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli										Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli										Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian									Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian									Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian									Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian									Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian									Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian									Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian									Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian									Jaani	433.4
			Telychian									Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian									Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian									Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian									Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian									Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
			Katian										445.2
			Sandbian										453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
			Drumian											500.5
			Wuliuan							Stage 5 †				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4											509
		Series 2	Stage 3											514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635