PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian								MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian								MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean								MN 15	3.6
										MN 14	4.2
										MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian								MN 12	7.246
										MN 11	7.75
										MN 10	8.7
										MN 9	9.7
										MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian								MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian								MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian								MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian								MN 4	15.98
										MN 3	16.9
										MN 2	20
		Aquitanian								MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian								MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan			150
								Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian						Warepan			208.5
								Otamitan			217
								Oretian			221
		Carnian						Oretian			227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan			237
		Ladinian	Etalian	238
		Anisian	Etalian	242
		Anisian	Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian	Nelsonian	249
		Induan	Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
					Barettian	266
			Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian			273.01
			Kubergandian		Mangapirian	276
			Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian				283.5
					Telfordian	285
			Yakhtashian		Telfordian	286
			Yakhtashian			288.5
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian		Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian						Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani		433.4
		Telychian						Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru		441.4 *
											443.8