PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Calabrian							0.774
		Gelasian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
		Serravallian		Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Langhian							13.82
		Burdigalian							15.98
		Aquitanian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8				Lancian/Edmontonian	66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7				Judithian/Aquilan	72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan			150
						Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian				Warepan			208.5
						Otamitan			217
						Oretian			221
		Carnian		Triassic 3		Oretian			227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2		Kaihikuan			237
		Ladinian				Etalian			238
		Anisian				Etalian			242
		Anisian				Malakovian			246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1		Malakovian			247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian			249
		Induan	251.2			Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	Makarewan	Melekhovian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian		259.51
		Wordian					264.28
						Noginskian	264.9 *
					Barettian		266
		Roadian		Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2			273.01
					Mangapirian		276
						Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian					283.5
					Telfordian		285
					Telfordian	Rusavkinian	287.6 *
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian	303.7
						Khamovnikian	304.8
						Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4		Myachkovian	307
						Podolskian	308.9 *
						Kashirian	311.4 *
						Vereian	313.8
						Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian	315.2
						Cheremshanian	316.9 *
						Prikamian	318.6 *
						Severokeltmian	319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3		Zapaltjubian	323.2
						Protvian	324.4 *
						Steshevian	326.8 *
						Tarusian	329 *
		Visean		Carboniferous 2		Venevian	330.9
						Mikhailovian	331.9 *
						Aleksinian	333.7 *
						Tulian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian	339.9 *
						Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1		Kosvian	346.7
						Kizelian	350.7 *
						Cherepetian	351.9 *
						Karakubian	354.4 *
						Upinian	356.3 *
						Malevkian	357.6 *
						Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf		Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian		Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian		Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian		Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian		Siegen		Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine		Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian				Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Cambrian 4		497
		Drumian				Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan				Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Cambrian 3		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
									538.8