PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Germany	Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6											0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Serravallian		Cenozoic 5											11.63
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
				Bartonian		Cenozoic 3								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
				Lutetian		Cenozoic 2											41.2
				Ypresian		Cenozoic 2									Bumbanian		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1								Gashatan			56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian										66
				Campanian		Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan										72.1
				Santonian		Cretaceous 6											83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4											100.5
				Aptian		Cretaceous 3											113
				Barremian		Cretaceous 2											121.4
				Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2											125.77
				Valanginian		Cretaceous 1											132.6
				Berriasian		Cretaceous 1											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6											145
				Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5											149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian		Jurassic 4											165.3
				Bajocian		Jurassic 4											168.2
				Aalenian		Jurassic 3											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3											174.7
				Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2											184.2
				Sinemurian		Jurassic 1											192.9
				Hettangian		Jurassic 1											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4											201.4
				Norian		Triassic 4											208.5
				Carnian		Triassic 3											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
				Wordian													264.28
				Roadian		Permian 3											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2											273.01
				Artinskian													283.5
				Sakmarian													290.1
				Asselian		Permian 1										Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5										Virgilian	298.9
Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
Moscovian				Desmoinesian	Carboniferous 4	307
Moscovian				Atokan		312.7 *
Bashkirian				Atokan		315.2
Bashkirian				Morrowan		318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Devonian 5			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	Devonian 4			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	Devonian 1			407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Silurian 2			Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5	Jaagarahu
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian						Pirgu	445.2
									Vormsi	449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4				Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Kukruse		456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3				Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
									Aseri		460.4 *
								Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian		Ordovician 2				Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian						Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
	Hunneberg								473.7 *
	Hunneberg		Tremadocian		Ordovician 1				477.7
	Varangu								481.3 *
	Pakerort								482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
												Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian									Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4					Marjumian		Albertian †	497
			Drumian		Cambrian 4					Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan		Cambrian 3					Topazan			504.5
			Wuliuan							Delamaran			506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Delamaran		Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4							Dyeran			511 *
			Stage 3		Cambrian 2					Dyeran			514
										Montezuman			514.8 *
										Begadean			519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1								529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																	635