PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of France	Cambrian Epochs	Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Tarantian			0.0117
				Chibanian						Ionian			0.129
				Calabrian									0.774
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian					Pannonian				7.246
				Serravallian					Sarmatian				11.63
				Serravallian					Badenian				12.8 *
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Zechstein		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian									264.28
				Roadian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
				Artinskian							Autunian		283.5
				Sakmarian									290.1
				Asselian			Bursumian †						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian						298.9
				Kasimovian			Missourian						303.7
				Kasimovian			Desmoinesian						305.9 *
Moscovian				307			Desmoinesian
Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien		408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
			Telychian			Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian	489.5
								Aksaian	490.7 *
								Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian					Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian	497
			Guzhangian						499.5
			Drumian					Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian					Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan					Tuesaian	504.5
			Wuliuan						505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian		509
	Toyonian							510 *
	Botomian							512.5 *
	Botomian		Stage 3					514
	Atdabanian		Stage 3					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian					521
		Stage 2						525.5
		Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
													1400