PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of France	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		North American Mammal Subages/Zones
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Sheridanian			0.0117
				Chibanian					Sheridanian			0.129
				Chibanian					Cudahyan/Sappan			0.21
				Calabrian					Cudahyan/Sappan			0.774
				Calabrian					Senecan/Rexroadian			1.4
				Gelasian								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								2.58
				Zanclean								3.6
				Zanclean					Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			4.7
			Miocene	Messinian								5.333
				Tortonian								7.246
				Tortonian					Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			9.4
				Serravallian					Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			11.63
				Serravallian					late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			12.5
				Langhian								13.82
				Burdigalian								15.98
									Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			16.3
									late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		18.5
				Aquitanian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
										Monroecreekian		23.1 *
										Geringian		24.7 *
				Rupelian						Geringian		27.82
				Rupelian								29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian					Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			33.9
				Priabonian								37
				Bartonian								37.71
				Bartonian					Late Uintan/Early Uintan			39.7
				Lutetian					Late Uintan/Early Uintan			41.2
				Lutetian					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			46.2
				Ypresian					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			47.8
									Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean			50.5
											Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
				Thanetian							Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
				Selandian							Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	59.2
				Selandian							To3/To2/To1	60.9
				Danian							To3/To2/To1	61.6
				Danian							Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian	Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian	Frasnian	Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian	Couvinien	Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian	407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien	Pragian	408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
		Series 2	Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
		Ediacaran					Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							1000
		Ectasian							1200
		Calymmian							1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian							1600
		Orosirian							1800
		Rhyacian							2050
		Siderian							2300
Archean	Neoarchean								2500
	Mesoarchean								2800
	Paleoarchean								3200
	Eoarchean								3600
Hadean									4000
												4600