PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of France	Carboniferous Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian											283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian									298.9
Kasimovian				303.7		Late Pennsylvanian
Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien		408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
			Katian					Rawtheyan		445.2
								Cautleyan		448.9 *
								Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
								Pusgillian		449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Cheneyan	Gisbornian		452 *
								Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian								453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		458.4
			Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian		461.3 *
			Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian		467.3
							Arenig	Fennian		Yapeenian		468.4 *
										Castlemainian		468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian		470
								Whitlandian		Chewtonian		471.1 *
										Bendigonian		471.8 *
										Lancefieldian		473.5 *
								Moridunian				474.3 *
			Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
								Cressagian				480.8 *
								Cressagian		Warendian		482.8 *
										Warendian		485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			485.4
			Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
	Jiangshanian		489.5										Sunwaptan
	Jiangshanian		Steptoean										493 *
	Paibian		Steptoean										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian							Albertian †			497
		Drumian	Marjumian										500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan										504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran										506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran							Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4	Dyeran										511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran										514
			Montezuman										514.8 *
			Begadean										519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian			720
		Tonian			Karatau								800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau								1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian								1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian								1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan								1375
		Calymmian											1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian											1600
		Orosirian		1800
		Rhyacian		2050
		Siderian		2300
Archean	Neoarchean			2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
															4600