PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of France	Cambrian of Australia	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Australia	Carboniferous of China	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
				Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian							Bumbanian				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Gashatan					56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Senonian	66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										Gallic	100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian										Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
				Induan											251.2
				Induan									Kathwai		251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Dorashamian	Kathwai		251.902
															252.4 *
													Chhidru		252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian	Chhidru		254.14
													Kalabagh		255 *
													Wargal		256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Midian			259.51
				Wordian											264.28
															265.3 *
													Amb		266.1 *
												Murgabian			266.2 *
				Roadian											266.9
				Roadian											270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian			273.01
				Kungurian								Bolorian			279.8
				Artinskian								Bolorian			283.5
				Artinskian								Yakhtashian			286
				Sakmarian								Sakmarian			290.1
				Asselian								Asselian			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
				Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian						300 *
				Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian						303.7
				Kasimovian					Dalaun						305.8 *
				Moscovian											307
Bashkirian				315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien		408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
						Eastonian		Cautleyan	449 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
						Gisbornian		Cheneyan		452 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian							453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
	Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian			Darriwilian		461.3 *
	Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Dapingian			Yapeenian		467.3
	Arenig					Yapeenian	Fennian	468.4 *
						Castlemainian		468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian		470
						Chewtonian	Whitlandian	471.1 *
						Bendigonian		471.8 *
						Lancefieldian		473.5 *
							Moridunian	474.3 *
	Tremadocian		Tremadoc				Migneintian	477.7
							Cressagian	480.8 *
						Warendian	Cressagian	482.8 *
						Warendian		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian					485.4
		Stage 10				Payntonian					486.8 *
		Jiangshanian				Iverian					489.5
		Paibian				Idamean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan					497
		Guzhangian				Boomerangian					499
		Drumian				Undillan					500.5
		Drumian				Floran					503
		Wuliuan				Templetonian					504.5
		Wuliuan				Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian					509
		Stage 4									510.8 *
		Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			1000								Karatau
		Stenian			Yurmatian								1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian								1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan								1375
															1400