PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128328 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of France	Ordovician of China			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic		Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia					Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan											150
								Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian						Warepan											208.5
								Otamitan											217
								Oretian											221
		Carnian						Oretian											227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian						Etalian											238
		Anisian						Etalian											242
		Anisian						Malakovian											246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian											247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian											249
		Induan						Nelsonian											251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan											251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Makarewan			Buntsandstein								251.902
		Changhsingian						Waiitian											253.2
		Wuchiapingian						Waiitian											254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Puruhauan											254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Aparima	Flettian			Ohre/Aller								259.51
		Wordian						Flettian			Leine								264.28
		Wordian						Barettian			Leine								266
		Roadian																	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
		Kungurian						Mangapirian											276
		Artinskian						Mangapirian											283.5
								Telfordian											285
																			288.5
		Sakmarian																	290.1
		Asselian															Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian															Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian															Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian															Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian															Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian															Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian															Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian															Chesterian		323.2
		Visean															Chesterian		330.9
																	Meramecian		335.8 *
																	Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian															Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian															Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian															Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian															Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian															Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien															Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian																Emsian	393.3
		Pragian																Siegen	407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien	408.2 *														Siegen
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani		433.4
		Telychian		Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou			Wufeng †	Kosovian		443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian					Wufeng †	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						Kralodvorian			449.5
										Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian											453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo									458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
										Oretanian					459.7 *
												Sarka †			461.7 *
						Hunjiang †			Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			Sarka †			466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian		Dapingian						Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian						Arenigian					470
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian						Tremadocian					477.7
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian					Lianghekou †	Tremadocian					477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Merioneth					Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
															Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Sunwaptan	487.5
															Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									489.5
											Steptoean							493 *
															Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian													Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								St Davids					Marjumian	Albertian †		497
		Drumian					500.5								Marjumian
		Wuliuan					Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran	Caerfai		Waucoban †					509
		Stage 4					Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran								514
							Montezuman								514.8 *
							Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																			538.8