PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of France	Ordovician of the Baltic				Mesozoic Subages		Permian of the Salt Range
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Late Albian			100.5
								Middle Albian			106.2 *
								Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian						Late Aptian			113
		Aptian						Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian						Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian			139.8
								Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
								Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian						Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian						Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian						Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian						Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian			174.7
								Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
								Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian						Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian						Sevatian			208.5
								Alaunian			213.2 *
								Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian						Tuvalian			227
		Carnian						Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Longobardian			237
		Ladinian						Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian						Illyrian			242
								Pelsonian			243.8 *
								Bithynian			244.7 *
								Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian						Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan						Dienerian			251.2
								Griesbachian			251.4 *
								Griesbachian		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Kathwai	251.902
											252.4 *
										Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian								Chhidru	254.14
										Kalabagh	255 *
										Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
											265.3 *
										Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian								Amb	266.9
		Roadian									270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian			Pirgu	445.2
					Vormsi	449.6 *
					Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
				Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
					Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian			Keila	Idavere †	453
					Haljala		453.9
					Kukruse		456.4 *
					Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku		458.4
					Lasnamagi		458.9 *
					Aseri		460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
						Latorp †			470.1 *
					Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg				477.7
					Varangu				481.3 *
					Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort				485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						486.3 *
											486.5