PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of France	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of North America		Silurian of North America			Ordovician of Britain			Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cenozoic Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Late Pleistocene	0.0117
				Chibanian													Middle Pleistocene	0.129
				Calabrian													Early Pleistocene	0.774
				Gelasian													Early Pleistocene	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Late Pliocene	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean													Early Pliocene	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian													Late Miocene	5.333
				Tortonian													Late Miocene	7.246
				Serravallian													Middle Miocene	11.63
				Langhian													Middle Miocene	13.82
				Burdigalian													Early Miocene	15.98
				Aquitanian													Early Miocene	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Late Oligocene	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													Early Oligocene	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													Late Eocene	33.9
				Bartonian													Middle Eocene	37.71
				Lutetian													Middle Eocene	41.2
				Ypresian													Early Eocene	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													Late Paleocene	56
				Selandian													Middle Paleocene	59.2
				Danian													Early Paleocene	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian			Wordian											264.28
				Roadian			Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian										273.01
				Kungurian				Hessian										281.9 *
				Artinskian				Hessian										283.5
				Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian										286.1 *
				Sakmarian				Lenoxian										290.1
				Asselian				Nealian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
				Kasimovian														303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Cayugan	Ohesaare			419.2
					Cayugan	Kaugetuma			421.7 *
					Niagaran	Kaugetuma			422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian			Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian			Lockportian	Rootsikula	427.4
						Gleedonian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
						Whitwellian					429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
			Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian							Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
										Raikkula		439.4 *
					Medinan				Clinton			440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
			Rhuddanian							Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
												Pusgillian	449.3 *
											Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
												Cheneyan		451.5 *
												Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian											453
													Actonian †	453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
												Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian								Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian									Fennian			470
	Whitlandian											471.1 *
	Moridunian											474.3 *
	Tremadocian		Tremadoc								Migneintian	477.7
			Tremadoc								Cressagian	480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					509
	Series 2	Stage 3					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †			Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †			Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635