PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126901 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of France	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		North American Land Mammal Ages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Saintaugustinean			0
				Meghalayan											Santarosean			0.0004
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Late Pleistocene											Rancholabrean			0.014
				Chibanian											Rancholabrean			0.129
				Chibanian											Irvingtonian			0.21
				Calabrian											Irvingtonian			0.774
				Calabrian											Blancan			1.4
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
				Zanclean														3.6
				Zanclean											Hemphillian			4.7
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Tortonian											Clarendonian			9.4
				Serravallian											Clarendonian			11.63
				Serravallian											Barstovian			12.5
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
															Hemingfordian			16.3
															Arikareean			18.5
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
				Rupelian												Kekeamuan		27.82
															Whitneyan			29.5
															Orellan			31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian											Chadronian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
				Priabonian											Duchesnean	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		37
				Bartonian											Duchesnean	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
				Bartonian											Uintan			39.7
				Lutetian											Uintan			41.2
				Lutetian											Bridgerian			46.2
				Ypresian											Bridgerian		Bumbanian	47.8
															Wasatchian			50.5
															Clarkforkian			54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Clarkforkian	Gashatan		56
				Thanetian											Tiffanian	Gashatan		56.2
				Selandian											Tiffanian			59.2
				Selandian											Torrejonian			60.9
				Danian											Torrejonian			61.6
				Danian											Puercan			63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	251.902
			Changhsingian	Baoqingian	253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	254.14
				Laoshanian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
				Laibinian		Vyatkian	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Severodvinian		Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian	Urzhumian		Kuhfengian	264.28
			Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
			Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Luodianian	273.01
					Filipovian		276.5 *
					Saraninian		280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
					Sarginian	Longlinian	285.4 *
					Irginian		285.9 *
					Burtsevian		287.8 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Zisongian	293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
					Surenian		Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
								300.1
							Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
			Kasimovian					Cantabrian	305 *
			Moscovian					Cantabrian	307
							Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean				Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
							Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
							Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian				Ivorian		346.7
			Tournaisian				Hastarian		353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Pragian				Coblencien			408.2 *
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian							443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian							Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian	Berounian								449.7 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
			Dobrotivian										458.5 *
			Oretanian										459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian										468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian										470
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian										477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian										Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian										Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian												489.5
			Aksaian												490.7 *
			Sakian												492.2 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian												497
			Ayusokkanian	Arcadian	498.4
			Mayan/Menevian		499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian		500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan	Branchian	509
			Toyonian		Lenian †	510 *
			Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian			514
			Atdabanian			515.6 *
			Atdabanian	Placentian		517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian			521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †		Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †		Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635