PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of France	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of North America			European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene								0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene								0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene				Villanyian				2.58
				Piacenzian			Late Pliocene				Ruscinian				3.1 *
				Zanclean			Early Pliocene				Ruscinian				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene				Turolian				5.333
				Tortonian							Turolian				7.246
				Tortonian							Vallesian				8.7
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene				Astaracian				11.63
				Langhian			Middle Miocene				Astaracian				13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene				Orleanian				15.98
				Burdigalian							Agenian				20
				Aquitanian							Agenian				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene								33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene								37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene								41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene								56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene								59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian									251.902
				Wuchiapingian											254.14
				Wuchiapingian								Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Severodvinian		259.51
				Wordian									Urzhumian		264.28
				Wordian		Noginskian							Urzhumian		264.9 *
				Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
				Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
													Filipovian		276.5 *
Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *								Filipovian
					Saraninian	280.1 *
				Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
						Irginian		285.9 *
Rusavkinian						Irginian		287.6 *
						Burtsevian		287.8 *
				Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
				Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
				Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian		Bursumian †	293.52
						Uskalykian			294.8
						Surenian			297.5
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian				Missourian	303.7
				Khamovnikian					304.8
				Krevyakinian					305.8 *
				Krevyakinian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
Moscovian				Myachkovian					307
				Podolskian					308.9 *
				Kashirian					311.4 *
				Kashirian				Atokan	312.7 *
				Vereian					313.8
				Melekessian					314.8
Bashkirian				Melekessian					315.2
				Cheremshanian					316.9 *
				Cheremshanian			Morrowan	318.4 *
				Prikamian				318.6 *
				Severokeltmian				319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
				Voznesenian				321.9 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian			Chesterian	323.2
				Protvian				324.4 *
				Steshevian				326.8 *
				Tarusian				329 *
			Visean	Venevian				330.9
				Mikhailovian				331.9 *
				Aleksinian				333.7 *
				Tulian			Meramecian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian			Meramecian	339.9 *
				Bobrikian			Osagean	343.1 *
				Radaevkian				343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian				346.7
				Kizelian				350.7 *
				Cherepetian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
				Karakubian				354.4 *
				Upinian				356.3 *
				Malevkian				357.6 *
				Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian				Late Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
								Middle Famennian			365.3 *
								Early Famennian			368.5 *
			Frasnian	Frasnian				Late Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
								Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
								Early Frasnian			379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian				Late Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Givetian							383.7 *
	Early Givetian							385.9 *
	Eifelian		Couvinien	Late Eifelian				Eifelian		387.7
	Eifelian			Early Eifelian				Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian				Emsian		393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian				Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian				Siegen		407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien	Pragian				Siegen		408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian				Gedinnine		410.8
				Middle Lochkovian						412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian						415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan							419.2
	Pridoli			Niagaran							422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan							Clinton		440.1 *
						440.7 *
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400