PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of France	Permian of China	Devonian of Germany	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean								Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean								Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian								Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian								Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian								Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian								Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian								Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian								Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian							251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian		Zechstein		Longtanian †			254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian		Zechstein		Longtanian †			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan		Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian							264.28
		Roadian		Kuhfengian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian							273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian		Autunian					283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian							285.4 *
		Sakmarian	290.1	Longlinian
		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian			300.1
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Frasnian	Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Couvinien	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian			393.3
		Pragian				Siegen			407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien	Siegen			408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani		433.4
		Telychian					Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		504.5
											509