PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of France	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian																			0.129
		Calabrian																			0.774
		Gelasian																			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean																		Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean																		Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian																			7.246
		Tortonian																		Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian																		Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian																		Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian																		Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian																		Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian																		Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																			33.9
		Bartonian																			37.71
		Lutetian																			41.2
		Ypresian																			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																			56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													Lancian/Edmontonian						66
		Campanian													Judithian/Aquilan						72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																			100.5
		Aptian																			113
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																			145
		Kimmeridgian																			149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian																			165.3
		Bajocian																			168.2
		Aalenian																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																			174.7
		Pliensbachian																			184.2
		Sinemurian																			192.9
		Hettangian																			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																			201.4
		Norian																			208.5
		Carnian																			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																			247.2
		Induan																			251.2
		Induan		Kathwai																	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai																	251.902
																					252.4 *
				Chhidru																	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru																	254.14
				Kalabagh																	255 *
				Wargal																	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																			259.51
		Wordian																			264.28
																					265.3 *
			Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb	266.9
		Roadian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Siegen	407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian		Rawtheyan		Pirgu	445.2
								Richmondian		Rawtheyan			446 *
										Cautleyan			448.9 *
										Pusgillian			449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
								Maysvillian					Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Maysvillian					Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
								Edenian					Nabala			450.4 *
								Edenian			Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian								451.1 *
										Cheneyan						451.5 *
										Cheneyan			Oandu			452 *
										Burrellian			Oandu			452.7 *
		Sandbian											Keila		Idavere †	453
												Actonian †				453.2 *
								Turinian								453.7 *
													Haljala			453.9
												Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †					455.2 *
													Kukruse				456.4 *
										Aurelucian							456.8 *
							Whiterockian							Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Uhaku		Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Uhaku					458.4
													Lasnamagi					458.9 *
													Aseri					460.4 *
										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Aseri					461.3 *
											Oeland		Kunda					462.9 *
													Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
													Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian																	467.3
									Arenig	Fennian									468.4 *
								Rangerian											469.1 *
			Billingen					Rangerian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †				Cassinian †		470
															Latorp †				470.1 *
										Whitlandian									471.1 *
			Hunneberg																473.7 *
								Tulean											473.9 *
										Moridunian									474.3 *
		Tremadocian							Tremadoc	Migneintian									477.7
								Stairsian		Migneintian									480.3 *
										Cressagian									480.8 *
			Varangu																481.3 *
			Varangu					Skullrockian									Demingian †		482 *
			Pakerort																482.2 *
																			485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10																	485.4
																			486.3 *
																			486.5
																					487.5