PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of France	Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian Subages	Cambrian of China		Permian of China	Ordovician of North America
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian								66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic								100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian							Neocomian								125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Meishanian				251.902
		Changhsingian											Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Zechstein									Laoshanian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Zechstein									Laibinian				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes									Lengwuan				259.51
		Wordian											Kuhfengian				264.28
		Roadian											Kuhfengian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											Luodianian				273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian									Luodianian				283.5
		Artinskian											Longlinian				285.4 *
		Sakmarian											Longlinian				290.1
		Asselian											Zisongian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Zisongian				298.9
		Gzhelian															300.1
		Kasimovian															303.7
		Moscovian															307
		Bashkirian															315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian															323.2
		Visean															330.9
		Tournaisian															346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian							Late Famennian							358.9
										Middle Famennian							365.3 *
										Early Famennian							368.5 *
		Frasnian	Frasnian							Late Frasnian							372.2
										Middle Frasnian							375.4 *
										Early Frasnian							379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian							Late Givetian							382.7
										Middle Givetian							383.7 *
										Early Givetian							385.9 *
		Eifelian	Couvinien							Late Eifelian							387.7
		Eifelian								Early Eifelian							390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Late Emsian							393.3
		Emsian								Early Emsian							398.3 *
		Pragian								Pragian							407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien		408.2 *					Pragian
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine		Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan		Gamachian	445.2
							Rawtheyan		Richmondian	446 *
							Cautleyan			448.9 *
							Pusgillian			449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
									Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian			450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
							Cheneyan					451.5 *
							Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
										Actonian †		453.2 *
									Turinian	Actonian †		453.7 *
										Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †		454.2 *
										Longvillian †				455.2 *
							Aurelucian							456.8 *
								Whiterockian			Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn								458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								467.3
						Arenig	Fennian								468.4 *
									Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
							Whitlandian		Blackhillsian							471.1 *
							Whitlandian		Tulean							473.9 *
							Moridunian									474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian									477.7
							Migneintian		Stairsian							480.3 *
				Cressagian			480.8 *		Stairsian
				Cressagian			Skullrockian		Demingian †				482 *
									Demingian †				485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †					485.4
		Stage 10							Niuchehean							487.5
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							Paibian							494
		Paibian							Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian		Wangcunian †					497
		Drumian							Drumian		Wangcunian †					500.5
		Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian							509
	Series 2	Stage 3							Nangaoian							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian							Meishucunian							529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian							530.7
																	538.8