PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of France	Mesozoic Subages		Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of North America
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian									100.5
				Middle Albian									106.2 *
				Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian									113
		Aptian		Early Aptian									119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian									139.8
				Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
				Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Late Kimmeridgian				Kawhia	Ohauan				150
				Early Kimmeridgian					Ohauan				152.2 *
				Early Kimmeridgian					Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
		Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian									168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian									168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian									174.7
				Late Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
				Early Toarcian									182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian									184.2
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian		Sevatian					Warepan				208.5
				Alaunian									213.2 *
				Lacian									216.7 *
									Otamitan				217
									Oretian				221
		Carnian		Tuvalian					Oretian				227
				Tuvalian				Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
				Julian									233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian									237
				Longobardian					Etalian				238
				Fassanian									239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian									242
				Pelsonian									243.8 *
				Bithynian									244.7 *
				Aegean									245.5 *
				Aegean					Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian									247.2
				Smithian									248.9 *
				Smithian					Nelsonian				249
		Induan		Dienerian									251.2
				Griesbachian									251.4 *
				Griesbachian				DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Makarewan	Buntsandstein			251.902
		Changhsingian							Waiitian				253.2
		Wuchiapingian	254.14						Waiitian
		Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan			254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima			Flettian	Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	Leine	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian	Leine	266
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian		283.5
						Telfordian		285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Couvinien	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Pragian						Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian								Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan								Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan								Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4								Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3								Dyeran		514
										Montezuman		514.8 *
										Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
													538.8