PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128235 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of France	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous of North America	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Devonian Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene			0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian	Late Pliocene			2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian	Late Pliocene			3
		Zanclean								Waipipian	Early Pliocene			3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian	Early Pliocene			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene			5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian								Waiauan	Middle Miocene			11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian				13.82
										Clifdenian				15.1
									Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian	Early Miocene			15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian	Late Oligocene			23.03
										Duntroonian				25.2
										Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian									Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene			33.9
									Arnold	Runangan				34.6
										Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan	Middle Eocene			37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian				41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
										Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan	Early Eocene			47.8
										Mangaorapan				48.9
										Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian	Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian								Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
										Mangaotanean				90.5
										Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian								Arowhanan				93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
										Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Motuan				100.5
										Urutawan				103.3
									Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian								Korangan				113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
				Planulata	179.3 *
				Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense		181.3 *
				Carlottense		182.3 *
				Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae		184.2
				Freboldi		185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian					192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Induan					251.2
		Induan					Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Kathwai	251.902
								252.4 *
							Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian					Chhidru	254.14
							Kalabagh	255 *
							Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
								265.3 *
							Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian					Amb	266.9
		Roadian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Virgilian	298.9
		Gzhelian						Virgilian	Xiaodushanian		300 *
		Kasimovian						Missourian	Xiaodushanian		303.7
								Missourian	Dalaun		305.8 *
								Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian						Desmoinesian			307
		Moscovian						Atokan			312.7 *
		Bashkirian						Atokan			315.2
								Morrowan			318.4 *
									Huashibanian		318.5 *
									Lousuan		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chesterian	Dewunian		323.2
		Serpukhovian							Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean							Shangsian	330.9
									Jiusian	335 *
								Meramecian		335.8 *
								Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan					Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan					Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian							Late Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
										Middle Famennian		365.3 *
										Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian	Frasnian							Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
										Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
										Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian							Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian		383.7 *
										Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian	Couvinien							Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian								Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Emsian								Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian								Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien							Pragian	Siegen	408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine							Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
										Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
										Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli										Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma					421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare					423
		Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian		Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
														443.8