PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of France	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian				Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian				Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian				Late Miocene					7.246
				Serravallian				Middle Miocene					11.63
				Langhian				Middle Miocene					13.82
				Burdigalian				Early Miocene					15.98
				Aquitanian				Early Miocene					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene					33.9
				Bartonian				Middle Eocene					37.71
				Lutetian				Middle Eocene					41.2
				Ypresian				Early Eocene					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene					56
				Selandian				Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian				Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites							168.2
				Bajocian			Humphresianum						168.4
				Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense						174.7
						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons							180.1
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							182
				Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni							184.2
				Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi							192.9
				Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
				Wordian									264.28
				Roadian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
				Artinskian									283.5
				Sakmarian									290.1
				Asselian									293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian	Adorf				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian				393.3
			Pragian		Siegen				407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien	Siegen				408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
			Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadocian					Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian				489.5
								Aksaian				490.7 *
								Sakian				492.2 *
			Paibian									494
			Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian				497
			Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian				499.5
			Drumian					Mayan/Menevian				500.5
			Wuliuan					Amgan/Solvan				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Amgan/Solvan				509
							Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
							Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3				Botomian			514
			Stage 3				Atdabanian			515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian			521
			Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian	525.5
			Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian								Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau		1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan		1375
													1400