PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian														11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										Capitanian				259.51
				Wordian										Wordian				264.28
				Roadian										Roadian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										Leonardian	Cathedralian			273.01
				Kungurian											Hessian			281.9 *
				Artinskian											Hessian			283.5
				Artinskian										Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
				Sakmarian											Lenoxian			290.1
				Asselian	Bursumian †										Nealian			293.52
				Asselian	Bursumian †										Nealian	Kuzel		297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian											Kuzel		298.9
																Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
																	Stephanian B	300.9 *
																	Stephanian A	301.4 *
				Kasimovian	Missourian												Stephanian A	303.7
Cantabrian					Missourian			305 *
					Desmoinesian			305.9 *
				Moscovian				307
Westphalian								Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
					Atokan			Westphalian C	312.7 *
								Westphalian B	314.6
				Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
					Morrowan			Westphalian A	318.4 *
Namurian								Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian			Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian		327.4 *
Visean				Warnantian		Brigantian †		330.9
				Warnantian	Meramecian	Brigantian †		335.8 *
				Livian		Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
				Moliniacian	Osagean	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		343.1 *
Tournaisian				Ivorian	Osagean			346.7
				Ivorian	Kinderhookian			351.9 *
				Hastarian	Kinderhookian			353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian						Bolindian		Pirgu	445.2
									Eastonian		Pirgu	449 *
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
	Gisbornian								Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian						Keila		Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Uhaku				458.4
							Lasnamagi				458.9 *
							Aseri				460.4 *
							Oeland			Kunda	462.9 *
									Valaste †/Hunderum	Kunda	464.3 *
										Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian									467.3
			Castlemainian									468.5 *
			Castlemainian							Billingen		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian									470
			Chewtonian						Latorp †			470.1 *
			Bendigonian									471.8 *
			Lancefieldian									473.5 *
										Hunneberg		473.7 *
		Tremadocian								Hunneberg		477.7
										Varangu		481.3 *
										Pakerort		482.2 *
			Warendian									482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian										1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian										1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan										1375
																		1400