PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of North America	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia		Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene				0.129
				Calabrian										Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Gelasian										Early Pleistocene				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene				2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										Early Pliocene				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene				5.333
				Tortonian										Late Miocene				7.246
				Serravallian										Middle Miocene				11.63
				Langhian										Middle Miocene				13.82
				Burdigalian										Early Miocene				15.98
				Aquitanian										Early Miocene				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							Late Oligocene				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							Early Oligocene				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								Late Eocene				33.9
				Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								Middle Eocene				37.71
				Lutetian										Middle Eocene				41.2
				Ypresian			Bumbanian							Early Eocene				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan								Late Paleocene				56
				Selandian										Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Danian										Early Paleocene				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
				Wordian														264.28
				Roadian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian	Bursumian †													293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian													298.9
				Kasimovian	Missourian													303.7
				Kasimovian	Desmoinesian													305.9 *
				Moscovian	Desmoinesian													307
Atokan				Moscovian	312.7 *
Atokan				Bashkirian	315.2
Morrowan				Bashkirian	318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko			Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec			Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Pragian		Pragian			Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju			Porkuni	443.8
			Katian							Pirgu	445.2
										Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru			Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
							Oeland			Kunda		462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian							Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian							Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
										Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian							Hunneberg			477.7
										Varangu			481.3 *
										Pakerort			482.2 *
													Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
											Aksaian				490.7 *
											Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian									Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan									Amgan/Solvan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Amgan/Solvan				509
											Toyonian		Lenian †		510 *
											Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3									Botomian				514
		Stage 3									Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian				521
		Stage 2									Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian									Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian		720
		Tonian		Karatau												800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau												1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian												1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian												1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan												1375
																		1400