PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of North America	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Nihewanian											0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Yushean											2.58
				Zanclean		Yushean											3.6
				Zanclean		Baodean											4.9
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian		Tunggurian											11.1
				Serravallian		Tunggurian											11.63
				Langhian		Shanwangian											13.82
				Burdigalian		Shanwangian											15.98
				Burdigalian		Xiejiaan											16.9
				Aquitanian		Xiejiaan											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
				Bartonian											Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian												Bumbanian	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Gashatan		56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
				Wordian													264.28
				Roadian													266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
				Artinskian													283.5
				Sakmarian													290.1
				Asselian	Bursumian †												293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian												298.9
Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
Moscovian				Desmoinesian	307
Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani		433.4
			Telychian		Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian					Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian					Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri		460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian					Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian					Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
									Latorp †		470.1 *
	Hunneberg							473.7 *
	Hunneberg		Tremadocian					477.7
	Varangu							481.3 *
	Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
													Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian					Paibian						494
			Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †			Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian					Drumian	Wangcunian †			Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian				Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian				Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Duyunian				Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4					Duyunian				Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3					Nangaoian				Dyeran		514
												Montezuman		514.8 *
												Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian						521
			Fortunian	529				Meishucunian
			Fortunian	Jinnigian				530.7
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †			571.7 *
																	635