PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Devonian Subages	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Australia	Silurian of North America			Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Bartonian												Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian													Bumbanian		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Gashatan			56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
		Induan															251.2
		Induan			Kathwai												251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai												251.902
																	252.4 *
					Chhidru												252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru												254.14
					Kalabagh												255 *
					Wargal												256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian															259.51
		Wordian															264.28
																	265.3 *
					Amb												266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb												266.9
		Roadian															270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
		Artinskian															283.5
		Sakmarian															290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †														293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian														298.9
		Kasimovian	Missourian														303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian														305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian														307
		Moscovian	Atokan														312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan														315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan														318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian														323.2
		Visean	Chesterian	330.9
			Meramecian	335.8 *
			Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
				Middle Famennian			365.3 *
				Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
				Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
				Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian		Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian			383.7 *
				Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian		Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian		Emsian	393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian		Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli					Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian					Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Bolindian						Pirgu	445.2
						Eastonian						Pirgu	449 *
												Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
						Gisbornian						Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
												Haljala		453.9
												Kukruse		456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian						Uhaku		458.4
												Lasnamagi		458.9 *
												Aseri		460.4 *
											Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
												Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Yapeenian	467.3
					Castlemainian	468.5 *
					Castlemainian	Billingen						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian							470
					Chewtonian							Latorp †		470.1 *
					Bendigonian									471.8 *
					Lancefieldian									473.5 *
						Hunneberg								473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Hunneberg								477.7
						Varangu								481.3 *
						Pakerort								482.2 *
					Warendian									482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
															Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian													Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian													Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian	494												Steptoean
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian											Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian												500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan												504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran												506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran											Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran												511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran												514
			Montezuman												514.8 *
			Begadean												519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																	538.8