PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of North America	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of China		Ordovician of China			Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Zechstein		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian														264.28
				Roadian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian												Autunian		283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian	Bursumian †													293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian	Late Pennsylvanian												298.9
				Kasimovian	Missourian													303.7
				Kasimovian	Desmoinesian													305.9 *
				Moscovian	Desmoinesian	Middle Pennsylvanian												307
				Moscovian	Atokan	Middle Pennsylvanian												312.7 *
				Bashkirian	Atokan	Early Pennsylvanian												315.2
				Bashkirian	Morrowan	Early Pennsylvanian												318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	Late Mississippian												323.2
				Visean	Chesterian	Middle Mississippian												330.9
					Meramecian													335.8 *
					Osagean													343.1 *
				Tournaisian	Osagean	Early Mississippian												346.7
				Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	Early Mississippian												351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway									358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian					West Fallsian/Sonyean									372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian								382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Southwoodian	Cazenovian								387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian								393.3
				Pragian														407.6
				Lochkovian														410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli															419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian														423
			Ludlow	Gorstian														425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian														427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian														430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian														433.4
				Aeronian														438.5
				Rhuddanian														440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †			443.8
				Katian									Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †			445.2
				Katian									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
				Sandbian									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
				Darriwilian									Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
				Dapingian									Dapingian					467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian									Yiyangian					470
				Tremadocian									Xinchangian				Ungurian	477.7
				Tremadocian									Xinchangian		Lianghekou †		Ungurian	477.9 *
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †					Batyrbaian	485.4
				Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian	489.5
																	Aksaian	490.7 *
																	Sakian	492.2 *
				Paibian							Paibian							494
				Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian						494.9 *
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian	Wangcunian †					Ayusokkanian	497
				Guzhangian							Guzhangian							499.5
				Drumian							Drumian						Zhanaarykian	500.5
				Drumian							Drumian						Tuesaian	503
				Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian						Tuesaian	504.5
				Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian							505.3
			Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian							509
																	Toyonian	510 *
																	Botomian	512.5 *
				Stage 3							Nangaoian						Botomian	514
				Stage 3							Nangaoian						Atdabanian	515.6 *
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian						Tommotian	521
	525.5			Stage 2
	Fortunian			529
	Fortunian			Jinnigian			530.7
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †			Poundian †							538.8
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †			Wonokan †							571.7 *
																		635