PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of North America	Carboniferous Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic			Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Triassic	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian							247.2
	Mesozoic	Triassic	Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian							251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Melekhovian								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian							259.51
				Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							264.28
				Wordian			Noginskian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							264.9 *
				Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian								276.8 *
				Artinskian			Pavlovoposadian								283.5
				Artinskian			Rusavkinian								287.6 *
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian	Bursumian †										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian	Late Pennsylvanian									298.9
				Kasimovian	Missourian		Dorogomilovian								303.7
							Khamovnikian								304.8
							Krevyakinian								305.8 *
					Desmoinesian		Krevyakinian								305.9 *
				Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	Myachkovian								307
							Podolskian								308.9 *
							Kashirian								311.4 *
					Atokan		Kashirian								312.7 *
							Vereian								313.8
							Melekessian								314.8
				Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	Melekessian								315.2
							Cheremshanian								316.9 *
					Morrowan		Cheremshanian								318.4 *
							Prikamian								318.6 *
							Severokeltmian								319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian								321.2 *
							Voznesenian								321.9 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	Late Mississippian	Zapaltjubian								323.2
							Protvian								324.4 *
							Steshevian								326.8 *
							Tarusian								329 *
				Visean		Middle Mississippian	Venevian								330.9
							Mikhailovian								331.9 *
							Aleksinian								333.7 *
					Meramecian		Tulian								335.8 *
					Meramecian		Bobrikian								339.9 *
					Osagean		Bobrikian								343.1 *
							Radaevkian								343.4 *
				Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	Kosvian								346.7
							Kizelian								350.7 *
					Kinderhookian		Cherepetian								351.9 *
							Karakubian								354.4 *
							Upinian								356.3 *
							Malevkian								357.6 *
							Gumerovian								358 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian										Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian										Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian										Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian										Emsian	393.3
				Pragian										Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian										Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli												419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
			Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian									Gleedonian		427.4
				Homerian									Whitwellian		429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian											430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
Aeronian				438.5
Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni					443.8
		Katian		Pirgu					445.2
				Vormsi					449.6 *
				Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
			Viru	Rakvere						450.6 *
				Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian		Keila				Idavere †	453
				Haljala					453.9
				Kukruse					456.4 *
				Uhaku				Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku					458.4
				Lasnamagi					458.9 *
				Aseri					460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda					462.9 *
				Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian		Volkhov						467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg						473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg						477.7
				Varangu						481.3 *
				Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort						485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
															1400