International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Carboniferous of North America | Cenozoic Subepochs | Cambrian Epochs | European Faunal Units | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||
Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | |||||
Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | |||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | Villanyian | 2.58 | ||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | ||||||
Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | |||||
Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | Turolian | 5.333 | |||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||
Vallesian | 8.7 | ||||||
Serravallian | Middle Miocene | Astaracian | 11.63 | ||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||
Burdigalian | Early Miocene | Orleanian | 15.98 | ||||
Agenian | 20 | ||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | |||
Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | ||||
Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||
Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | 56 | ||||
Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | |||||
Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | |||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||
Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||
Aptian | 113 | ||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||
Aalenian | 170.9 | ||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||
Pliensbachian | 184.2 | ||||||
Sinemurian | 192.9 | ||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||
Norian | 208.5 | ||||||
Carnian | 227 | ||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||
Anisian | 242 | ||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | |||||
Induan | 251.2 | ||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | ||||
Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | ||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | |||||
Wordian | 264.28 | ||||||
Roadian | 266.9 | ||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | |||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||
Asselian | Bursumian † | 293.52 | |||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Virgilian | 298.9 | |||
Kasimovian | Missourian | 303.7 | |||||
Desmoinesian | 305.9 * | ||||||
Moscovian | 307 | ||||||
Atokan | 312.7 * | ||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||
Morrowan | 318.4 * | ||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Chesterian | 323.2 | ||||
Visean | 330.9 | ||||||
Meramecian | 335.8 * | ||||||
Osagean | 343.1 * | ||||||
Tournaisian | 346.7 | ||||||
Kinderhookian | 351.9 * | ||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | ||||
Frasnian | 372.2 | ||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | |||||
Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | |||||
Pragian | 407.6 | ||||||
Lochkovian | 410.8 | ||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | 419.2 | |||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | |||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | |||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | |||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | 443.8 | ||||
Katian | 445.2 | ||||||
Sandbian | 453 | ||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | 458.4 | |||||
Dapingian | 467.3 | ||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | |||||
Tremadocian | 477.7 | ||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Late Cambrian | 485.4 | |||
Jiangshanian | 489.5 | ||||||
Paibian | 494 | ||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Middle Cambrian | 497 | ||||
Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||
Wuliuan | 504.5 | ||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | Early Cambrian | 509 | ||||
Stage 3 | 514 | ||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | |||||
Fortunian | 529 | ||||||
538.8 |