PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian				3
		Zanclean				Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan	Pannonian			7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan	Pannonian			11.04
		Serravallian					Sarmatian			11.63
							Badenian			12.8 *
						Lillburnian	Badenian			13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian				13.82
						Clifdenian				15.1
					Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian				23.03
						Duntroonian				25.2
						Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
					Arnold	Runangan				34.6
						Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian				41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
						Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan				47.8
						Mangaorapan				48.9
						Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian				56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian				Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
						Mangaotanean				90.5
						Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan				93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
						Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan				100.5
						Urutawan				103.3
					Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian				Korangan				113
		Aptian								117.5
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian		Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian		Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian	323.2
		Visean		Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Tremadocian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian		489.5
					Aksaian	490.7 *
					Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian	Idamean			494
		Paibian	Idamean			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan		Ayusokkanian			497
			Boomerangian		Ayusokkanian			499
			Boomerangian		Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian	Undillan					500.5
		Drumian	Floran					503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4						509
					Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
					Toyonian			510.8 *
					Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian			514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian			521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
										538.8